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| 2700:2025:9 [2025/04/27 20:23] – Ryan Schram (admin) | 2700:2025:9 [2025/04/28 22:43] (current) – [Writing your final essay] Ryan Schram (admin) | ||
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| * Mosques call all Muslims to prayer, five times a day, beginning at dawn (around 5 a.m.). | * Mosques call all Muslims to prayer, five times a day, beginning at dawn (around 5 a.m.). | ||
| - | * During Friday worship and during Ramadan, everyone in the congregation should hear the prayers recited in the mosque, even if they are outside on the steps or on the sidewalk due to lack of space. | + | * During Friday worship and during Ramadan, |
| - | * It is common to use microphones and a public-announcement system to make the //adhan// (the call to prayer; literally, announcement) and to broadcast prayers during worship. | + | |
| - | * But in Morocco, Singapore, Thailand, Australia, and many other pluralistic and multicultural societies, Muslims and their mosques are neighbors with people of different religions. | + | * But in Morocco, Singapore, Thailand, Australia, and many other pluralistic and multicultural societies, Muslims and their mosques are **neighbors with people of different religions**. |
| * Singapore’s government asked mosques to point their speakers away from high-rise apartments, or use a radio broadcast for the //adhan// (Goh Chok Tong 2010). | * Singapore’s government asked mosques to point their speakers away from high-rise apartments, or use a radio broadcast for the //adhan// (Goh Chok Tong 2010). | ||
| * In response to anonymous complaints, a Bangkok mosque voluntarily turned down the volume. Complaints continued but no official regulation was applied (Aksorndej 2018). | * In response to anonymous complaints, a Bangkok mosque voluntarily turned down the volume. Complaints continued but no official regulation was applied (Aksorndej 2018). | ||
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| ==== Every religion has some kind of public presence ==== | ==== Every religion has some kind of public presence ==== | ||
| - | * Singapore’s government also asked Taoist temples to stop burning joss sticks outdoors because the smoke irritated neighbors (Goh Chok Tong 2010). | + | * Singapore’s government also asked **Taoist temples** to stop burning joss sticks outdoors because the smoke irritated neighbors (Goh Chok Tong 2010). |
| - | * In the US South, there are many “dry” counties and municipalities where the sale of alcohol is prohibited on Sundays or every day. Arkansas is almost completely dry on Sundays (“List of Dry Communities by U.S. State” 2025). | + | * In the US South, there are many **“dry” counties** and municipalities where the sale of alcohol is prohibited on Sundays or every day. Arkansas is almost completely dry on Sundays (“List of Dry Communities by U.S. State” 2025). |
| * Almost all retail business is banned on Sundays in Poland (“Sunday Shopping” 2025). | * Almost all retail business is banned on Sundays in Poland (“Sunday Shopping” 2025). | ||
| - | * Several states in India ban the slaughter of cows out of respect for Hindu beliefs, and these laws have been judged not to violate the secular constitution (Singh and Vishwanath 2025). | + | * Several states in India **ban the slaughter of cows** out of respect for Hindu beliefs, and these laws have been judged not to violate the secular constitution (Singh and Vishwanath 2025). |
| ===== Should a secular, tolerant society regulate religious practice? ===== | ===== Should a secular, tolerant society regulate religious practice? ===== | ||
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| * Religious differences can be the basis for asserting a distinct group identity. | * Religious differences can be the basis for asserting a distinct group identity. | ||
| - | * But we should be careful not to assume that all public expressions of religion are identitarian. | + | * But we should be careful |
| * Religious differences are usually old and durable because religions are old, perhaps even thousands of years old. | * Religious differences are usually old and durable because religions are old, perhaps even thousands of years old. | ||
| - | * But we should not assume that people’s public expressions of religious are merely lingering attachments to traditions. | + | * But we **should not assume** that people’s public expressions of religious are merely lingering attachments to traditions. |
| ===== Aristotle, theorist of natural law or virtue ethics? ===== | ===== Aristotle, theorist of natural law or virtue ethics? ===== | ||
| - | Aristotle talks a lot about what it takes to be a good person and a good citizen. For him, a (normative) theory of civic virtue is a first step in a (normative) theory of politics. | + | Aristotle talks a lot about what it takes to be a good person and a good citizen. For him, a (normative) theory of **civic virtue** is a first step in a (normative) theory of politics. |
| But Aristotle’s works were lost in Europe for a long time. | But Aristotle’s works were lost in Europe for a long time. | ||
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| (Note the year, 1982. Foucault died in 1984. He was giving lectures in a College de France course entitled “The courage of the truth” ([1984] 2011) right up until he became too ill to work. 😢) | (Note the year, 1982. Foucault died in 1984. He was giving lectures in a College de France course entitled “The courage of the truth” ([1984] 2011) right up until he became too ill to work. 😢) | ||
| - | In his later years, Foucault wanted to write a **“history of the different ways in our culture that humans develop knowledge about themselves”** (Foucault [1982] 2000, 224) | + | In his later years, Foucault |
| ===== Mahmood’s alternative to the liberal public sphere ===== | ===== Mahmood’s alternative to the liberal public sphere ===== | ||
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| * Foundational exclusions of the public sphere | * Foundational exclusions of the public sphere | ||
| * The possibility of transgressing the boundary of public and private | * The possibility of transgressing the boundary of public and private | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Tutorial agenda: Steps to the final essay ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Writing your final essay ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * The rest of this semester is a series of steps to developing your final essay. | ||
| + | * Your presentation on your essay. [[https:// | ||
| + | * An essay has an [[: | ||
| + | - In this class, you are making a claim about another scholar' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Foucault gives us a " | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Question: Why do women of the mosque movement pray (and behave piously)? They don't "have to." No one is making them do it. | ||
| + | * Foucault says that ethics is "care of the self" | ||
| + | * Apply this warrant to the ethnographic facts on pages 833, 840, and throughout Mahmood' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== What would Mahmood say? ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * What would be Mahmood' | ||
| ===== References and further reading ===== | ===== References and further reading ===== | ||
2700/2025/9.1745810591.txt.gz · Last modified: 2025/04/27 20:23 by Ryan Schram (admin)