1002:4.1
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| 1002:4.1 [2017/07/16 23:20] – [The ANTH 1002 essay] Ryan Schram (admin) | 1002:4.1 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| - | ~~DECKJS~~ | ||
| - | # Capital and community # | ||
| - | ## Capital and community ## | ||
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| - | Ryan Schram | ||
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| - | ryan.schram@sydney.edu.au | ||
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| - | Mills 169 (A26) | ||
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| - | Monday, August 15, 2016 | ||
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| - | Available at http:// | ||
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| - | ## The ANTH 1002 essay ## | ||
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| - | The instructions for the essay are on Blackboard and will be visible at noon under ' | ||
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| - | The essay is due on 7 September at 4 p.m. online on Blackboard. | ||
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| - | For this essay, you will read a supplemental article by Lisa Cliggett (2003) and choose two other case studies from class readings. (One of your cases can be // | ||
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| - | In your essay you should make an argument that shows how Cliggett’s examples and the evidence from two other ethnographic cases provide evidence for the claim that the social force of reciprocity and interdependence determines the ways in which a community participates in the global capitalist system | ||
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| - | You can drop in to the [[http:// | ||
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| - | ## Gifts and commodities | ||
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| - | * The basket | ||
| - | * The purchased item | ||
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| - | What's the difference? | ||
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| - | ## Commodities and capitalism ## | ||
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| - | * [[: | ||
| - | * You can think of commodities as a " | ||
| - | exchange commodities for money, and back again, you are following | ||
| - | certain rules. | ||
| - | * The sale of commodities generates a profit. | ||
| - | * A system of producing, selling and distributing commodities as the | ||
| - | main form of economic system is associated with **capitalism**. | ||
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| - | ## Capitalism is... ## | ||
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| - | * **Capitalism** is a system in which the means of production are | ||
| - | privately owned by one social class. | ||
| - | * **Capitalism** is a system in which nobody else has access to the | ||
| - | means of production; in order to live, people have to sell their | ||
| - | labor. | ||
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| - | ## Talk about selling out... ## | ||
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| - | A worker under capitalism brings "his own hide to market and has | ||
| - | nothing to expect but -- a hiding" | ||
| - | chap. 6). | ||
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| - | What do you think he means by this? Buzz about this. What do you | ||
| - | associate with the word Capitalism? Marxism? When did you first hear | ||
| - | these words? Have you ever read the *Communist Manifesto*? | ||
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| - | ## Money and profits ## | ||
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| - | Let C represent a good, e.g. boots, cell phone, gum. | ||
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| - | Let M represent money. | ||
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| - | 1. **C - M - C'** *The simple exchange of goods.* | ||
| - | 2. **M - C - M'** *The making of profit through the exchange of commodities.* | ||
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| - | Marx wants to know why society moved from #1 to #2. | ||
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| - | ## Socialism and capitalism | ||
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| - | ### Socialist systems ## | ||
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| - | * Social support for all | ||
| - | * Production driven by planned targets | ||
| - | * Patron-client relationships and informal ties | ||
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| - | ### Capitalist systems ### | ||
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| - | * Maximization of private profits, economic growth | ||
| - | * Individual responsibility for security | ||
| - | * A " | ||
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| - | ## Fordism and Post-Fordism ## | ||
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| - | ### Fordism ### | ||
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| - | * Standardization of processes, specialization and regimentation of workers | ||
| - | * High wages and high employment and cooperation between capital and labor | ||
| - | * Centralization of all aspects of production in one firm | ||
| - | * Mass production for a mass market | ||
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| - | Fordism was the model for production in both socialist and capitalist economies. | ||
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| - | ### Post-Fordism ### | ||
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| - | * Many different, small firms involved in each aspect of production | ||
| - | * Flexibility, | ||
| - | * Precarious labor, greater competition among workers, and hence lower wages | ||
| - | * Specialized production for many niche markets | ||
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| - | ## Post-Fordism is a global form of capitalism ## | ||
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| - | As capitalism ascends over socialism, capital also puts pressure on states to liberalize trade and investment across borders, so that it may invest in cheaper processes (or offshore and outsource some aspects of production to places with lower wages). Production as well as consumption is globalized, and this requires new methods of production which are more " | ||
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| - | ## Post-socialism and post-Fordism ## | ||
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| - | Post socialist countries are not simply new capitalist economies. In order to compete in the new era of global capitalism, they must also shift from Fordist-socialist production to post-Fordist production. This requires people not only to adjust to a free market, but one in which a worker must also be flexible. Ironically, informal ties among workers and managers, and among vendors and customers, make this happen. Socialism as an economic model is gone, but as a culture, it lives on! | ||
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| - | ## References ## | ||
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| - | Cliggett, Lisa. 2003. “Gift Remitting and Alliance Building in Zambian Modernity: Old Answers to Modern Problems.” American Anthropologist 105 (3): 543–52. | ||
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| - | Marx, Karl. 1849. “Wage Labour and Capital.” Neue Rheinische Zeitung, April 5. https:// | ||
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| - | Marx, Karl. 1867. Capital, Vol. 1. Moscow: Progress Publishers. https:// | ||
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| - | ## A guide to the unit ## | ||
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| - | {{page> | ||
1002/4.1.1500272450.txt.gz · Last modified: 2017/07/16 23:20 by Ryan Schram (admin)