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-~~DECKJS~~
-# Develop-man #
-## Develop-man ##
-Ryan Schram
-Mills 169 (A26)
-ryan.schram@sydney.edu.au
-August 16, 2017
-Available at http://anthro.rschram.org/1002/3.2
-## What happens when a gift system encounters a market economy? ##
-When societies which are largely integrated through gifts encounter the market principle, many things can happen:
-* People can strive to segregate money in a separate sphere.
-  * Auhelawa people sell garden food, but believe that buying yam seeds is shameful.
-  * Wamira people prohibit the use of metal tools and wearing manufactured clothing in taro gardens (Kahn 1986, xi).
-* People can also convert money and bought items into a new kind of gift.
-  * Ongka (of Kawelka) includes money, a truck and motorbikes - bought with the proceeds from his followers' sale of coffee - in his //moka// to Perewa (Nairn 1976).
-## Ongka redux ##
-So now we can see Ongka in a new light. He's not a living fossil. He
-straddles two worlds. He makes money from selling coffee, and he keeps
-a cycle of moka going too.
-* Has a bank account
-* Grows coffee
-* He has also said that cash-cropping and moka should coexist
-  (Strathern and Stewart 2004, 133).
-Ongka and other big men draw on money earned in markets to make bigger
-gifts. Money has led to the **efflorescence** of the moka system.
-## Uncle Scrooge in the Land of Tralla La ##
-{{:banks.scrooge.jpg|Uncle Scrooge #6 (June 1954)}}
-## Talk pigeon? ##
-Papua New Guinea Pidgin (*Tok Pisin*) is sometimes called
-Neo-Melanesian English.
-**//pait// (v.): fight, strum.**
-**Man i paitim gita.** //The man strums the guitar.//
-**//stap// (v.): stop, be.**
-**Ol i stap long Mosbi.** //They are in Port Moresby.//
-**//rot// (n.): road, road, way, method, plan, strategy.**
-**Husat save rot?** //Who knows the way?//
-## Develop-man ##
-"The first commercial impulse of the local people is not to become
-just like [the West], but more like themselves" (Sahlins 1992, 13).
-As a Kewa leader once told an anthropologist (paraphrase): "You know
-what we mean by 'development?': building a //hauslain//
-[a village community], a men's house, and killing pigs. This we have
-done" (quoted in Sahlins 1992, 14).
-"//Developman//: the enrichment of their own ideas of what mankind is
-all about" (Sahlins, 1992, 14).
-## When a gift system meets a commodity system
-When a society organized on the basis of gifts encounters a globalizing capitalist market, many different outcomes are possible. In the next lecture and next week, we will look at other possible responses:
-  * Separation, tension, and conflict
-  * Efflorescence
-  * Transformation
-## The two traps ##
-* The trap of nostalgia: Cultures are dying.
-* The trap of modernism: Everything is getting better.
-## Positive thinking ##
-Positive thinking has deep roots in Western culture, going back to the
-Enlightenment:
-* There is a reason for all of this.
-* Everything is getting better.
-Yet there has also been a *critical tradition* in Western culture
-which has been skeptical of this.
-## Voltaire's Candide and Doctor Pangloss ##
-[[:pangloss|Doctor Pangloss]] believes:
-* There is no effect without a cause, and
-* All is for the best in, this, the best of all possible worlds.
-For Doctor Pangloss, there is no other way that things could turn out
-* "Legs are visibly designed for stockings--and we have stockings."
-* "Pigs were made to be eaten--therefore we eat pork..."
-## What's next ##
-* We look more closely at buying and selling
-  - Capitalist societies make buying and selling possible
-  - [[:Karl Marx]] provides a social theory of capitalism and its rules
-  - Capitalism is organized into classes, and people of each class play distinct social roles
-  - Capitalism is contradictory. It alienates value from workers to benefit owners, but it also needs people to belong to a social whole based on interdependence and reciprocity.
-If you would like to learn more about Marxism, visit:
-http://marxists.org/ for online editions of the *Manifesto*,
-*Capital*, and other key writings of Marx and Engels.
-## References ##
-Andrae, Thomas. 2013. "Barks, Carl." In Icons of the American Comic
-Book: From Captain America to Wonder Woman, volume 1, Duncan, Randy,
-and Matthew J. Smith, eds. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO.
-Kahn, Miriam. 1993 [1986]. Always Hungry, Never Greedy: Food and the Expression of Gender in a Melanesian Society. Long Grove, Ill.: Waveland Press.
-Nairn, Charlie. 1976. Ongka’s Big Moka. Granada Television. http://www.der.org/films/ongkas-big-moka.html.
-Sahlins, Marshall. 1992. "The Economics of Develop-Man in the Paciﬁc." Res 21: 13–25.
-Strathern, Andrew, and Pamela Stewart. 2004. Empowering the Past,
-Confronting the Future: The Duna People of Papua New
-Guinea. Basingstoke, Eng.: Palgrave Macmillan.
-Voltaire. 2006 [1759]. Candide. Project
-Gutenberg. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/19942/19942-h/19942-h.htm.
-.
-## A guide to the unit ##
-{{page>1002guide}}

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