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-~~DECKJS~~
-# Around the world in 13 weeks #
-## Around the world in 13 weeks ##
-Ryan Schram
-October 2014
-ryan.schram@sydney.edu.au
-Mills 169 (A26)
-Available at http://anthro.rschram.org/1002/13.2
-With help from Terry Woronov, Emma Young and the ANTH 1002 tutors.
-## How anthropologists look at globalization ##
-As Terry Woronov said in her 2013 review of this class, "Globalization
-does not wipe out difference--it **produces** new dynamics that
-sustain difference, and **enables the ongoing reproduction of
-difference**."
-## Snake and mongoose ##
-Contemporary life is a lot like the snake and the mongoose: Fast
-friends, arch rivals! Available for streaming now!
-{{:mongoose.movie.jpg}}
-## Snake and mongoose ##
-That is, contemporary life is defined by its contradictions. There are
-copresent forces in tension, leading to confict and also unexpected
-side-effects.
-* Globalization involves change in societies.
-* Globalization allows people to recreate a coherent cultural order
-  with new materials.
-## Gift and commodity ##
-The first part of the class was devoted to the contradiction between
-gift and commodity.
-* What is the difference between a gift and a commodity?
-* What is an example of each of these?
-* What is an example where gift and commodity come together in one place?
-    - An example we read or saw in class.
-    - An example from your own knowledge and experience.
-## Marcel Mauss ##
-Key ideas:
-* Exchange entails obligations to one's exchange partner and to
-  society as a whole.
-    - The obligation to give
-    - The obligation to receive
-    - The obligation to reciprocate.
-* Gifts have a spirit, the *hau*. A gift wishes to return to its
-  birthplace.
-## Karl Marx ##
-Key ideas:
-* Capitalism is a social system based on exchanging commodities.
-* Commodities are things that you can own as private property.
-* Ironic twist! Commodities are created by alienating them from the
-  people who make them. Wage labor deprives people of the true value
-  of their labor and allows owners of wealth to reap a profit from
-  exchange.
-* The formula of capital is M - C - M'.
-## Marcel Mauss and Karl Marx, separated at birth?? ##
-Although Marx and Mauss did not directly address each other's ideas,
-they seem to have an affinity. This has been very important in the
-study of globalization. Anthropologists generally see globalization as
-an interaction between gift systems and capitalism.
-## Spheres of exchange ##
-* Paul Bohannon presents Tiv culture as an example in which all exchanges are regulated by spheres of exchange.
-    - Subsistence items, foodstuffs, tools.
-    - Prestige items, i.e. brass rods and fine tugudu cloth.
-    - Women as wives.
-* Cash did not collapse the spheres; it just got put in the lowest sphere. (At least at first.)
-## When worlds collide ##
-* Tension and conflict
-* Efflorescence
-* Transformation
-What are some examples of each of these?
-## Oil on canvas ##
-{{:no5.pollock.jpg}}
-Why is this painting worth 140 million US dollars (in 2006)?
-## The problem of commodification ##
-* Can everything be a commodity?
-	- Human organs?
-	- Priceless art treasures (*No. 5, 1948* by Jackson Pollock, sold for $140 M in 2006)?
-	- Marriage?
-* You can't have growth in indigenous art forms without a commodity
-  market to support it!
-* Cannibal Tours: Tourists want a unspoiled indigenous culture, but
-  Sepik River villagers want money to send their children to
-  school. Which is the ‘true’ Sepik River culture?
-## The family as site of analysis ##
-People tend to assume that family is distinct from other kinds of
-relationship, or that one is either being a relative or being an
-economic actor.
-Families are sites of snakes and mongooses. They are **both** moral
-**and** economic.
-* What are the readings in which a family is a site for revealing the
-  copresence of moral and economic domains?
-* In what ways are families units of global economic systems? How do
-  families regulate circulation, commodification, and production?
-## Becoming an individual, becoming a factory worker ##
-In many societies, people are faced with alternative ways of being and
-ways of presenting oneself to others.
-* What readings are examples of alternative personhoods? Where do
-  these alternative personhoods come from?
-The concept of a culturally-constructed person is relevant to
-understanding the global economic order.
-* What kinds of persons facilitate global capitalism as we see it?
-## Multiple modernities ##
-* Not all change is progress.
-* There are multiple paths of change that societies can follow.
-* Not all societies want to imitate European history.
-* Not all social change can be described as individual liberation.
-* 'South-South' interaction is an important type of global circulation.
-## Parallel modernities ##
-* Bollywood in Nigeria:
-	- Hindi stories allow Hausa men to imagine reimagine what change means.
-* Globalization is changing relationship between:
-	- Media technology
-	- Patterns of circulation
-	- Patterns of consumption
-	- Politics of identity
-* There are global routes of circulation which parallel the movement
-  of Western forms to other societies.
-## Parallel modernities ##
-* There are many ways to move things around the world; there is no
-single system of circulation (ie, Hollywood's model of international
-licensing isn't the only way to get movies shown around the world.)
-	- Nigerian Bollywood: informal systems of itinerant (Lebanese)
-traders, enmeshed in systems that bypass the formal banking system
-	- Global body shopping: a system for circulating one kind of
-person (IT trained) around the world, driven by diasporic personal
-relations, parallel to formal recruitment systems)
-	- Black markets (e.g., organs, drugs, 'illegal' migration).
-## Alternate modernities ##
-Alternate modernity is the thesis that the same kinds of social forces
-which have transformed European societies have an analogue outside of
-the West.
-Max Weber says Protestant Christianity in Europe taught people to **see
-themselves as individuals**, and to distinguish material wealth from
-moral thinking.
-Brenner says that expressions of Islamic modesty, especially the veil,
-allow women to **define their identity in opposition to the village and
-its obligations**. Being a visibly pious Muslim is a way of asserting
-autonomy from traditional codes.
-## Alternate modernities ##
-* Max Weber predicts that as time goes by, all societies become less
-  religious and more secular.
-* Veiling explicitly contests secular modernity:
-    - Western modernity is based on secularism, freedom of religion, and
-    personal choice.
-    - The Islamic movement is based on individual faith, self-discipline
-    and a break with traditional *adat*.
-* Veiling in Java is explicitly neither a "return to tradition" nor an
-"invented tradition." Instead, it's an active search for new ways to
-be part of the modern world, other than those dictated by the West.
-## References ##
-Blain, Andrea. 2014. "'Snake and Mongoo$e' Races into Homes This
-Spring." PR Newschannel. January 21. http://www.prnewschannel.com/2014/01/21/action-packed-film-snake-and-mongoose-races-into-homes-this-spring/.
-Pollock, Jackson. 1948. No. 5, 1948. Oil on canvas. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=No._5,_1948&oldid=631373543.

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